Copying agency



Feb, i6, 1932. E, E, s-llRAwN v l 1,845,568

COPYING AGENCY Filed April 27, 1928 Patented Feb. 16, 1932 NlTl-:n STATES ERVIN E. STRAWN, 0F CINCINNATI, OHIO COPYING AGENCY Application lii1ed 'Apri1 27, 192%. Serial No. 273,412.

sheet, while at the same time producing an additional copy or, 1f desired, even furnishing the means by which the original permanent record is produced.

A further object is to produce a pigment bearing copying agency which while sessing non-smutting characteristics, will readil release the entire amount of the pigmentcaring material which it carries, along such lines, spaces, spots, dots or areas as a record which is to be made will demand, whether such a record be produced by stylus, pencil, pen, typewriter or other agency.

A further object isl to produoesuch a copying agency as may be very easily made and cheaply produced, not only because of the simple apparatus required in its production, but also because of the inexpensive grades of material employed in its manufacture.

A further object is to produce a method by which inalterable copies of any recorded matter may be made cheaply, quickly, accurately and with a cleanV cut de nition from paper or other records onto any material upon which` the copy is to be made.

These and other objects are attained in the lcopying agency which I have described in the yfollowing specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is illustrative of one form of my improved agency and its manner of use.

Fig. 2 is illustrative of another form of my improved agency and its manner of use.v

F ig. 3 is a view showing another adaptation of my invention and its manner of use.-

Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse sectional view of the elements shown in Fig. 1, and illustrative ofl the method I will describe herein as applied to various materials.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged transverse sectional View of the elements shown in Fig. 2, and also melting illustrative of the -method I will` describe herein as applied to various materials.

F ig. 6 is an enlargcd'transverse sectional view of the form of the invention shown'in Fig.-3, also illustrating the method which l will describe herein.

A brief statement of the principle upon which my invention rests may consist in saying that when, as between two materials, whether of different substances or different grades of the same substance, there exists greater ailinity of one for the other substance, t-han is reversely true, there will take place upon pressure contact a transfer, adhesion, amalgamation, miXingfonAa/bsorption of one substance by the other.

4This characteristic I have found to exist as between certain well known substances orv grades of the same substance or vehicle and have applied `it to the purpose of creating a method for the production of copies and a convenient agency by which the method may be operated.

A most convenient, effective, cheap and easily handled material or vehicle which I have found to be adaptable to my invention is wax, as for example paraiiine, because this is readily obtainable in dierent vgrades having different melting points and is found to possess pigment affinity under pressure of one grade for another grade of the same wax. It so happens that in paraiiine the characteristics of affinity exist pronouncedl'y and that the higher melting point grade or grades of paraiiin'e will readily pick up or cause the lower point grade or grades of parailine to adhere to, amalgamate with, mix with or become absorbed by the higher grade upon the slightest pressure being brought to bear upon either the high or low grades of paraline. .lf then, a pigment is placed upon or caused to adhere to the surface of the lower melting point paraiiine, or even if such a pigment be incorporated with said lower grade of paraffine, as by being mixed therewith While the paraiiine isv in a melted or finely divided condition, there will occur a transfer of said pigment carried by the lower grade of `paratline to the surface of the higher grade upon the required contact or necessary pressure of the two waxes together along the desired lines, areas, dots, spaces, etc. for copy, because such lower grade wax will be lifted, together with its pigment, to adhere to the wax of higher melting point. Such a pigmentmay consist most conveniently and preferably from the stand point of utility, cheapness, and of being easily handled, of the finest pulverized graphite or similar pigment.

The actual manufacture of an agency which embodies the preferred form by means of which my improved method may be car ried on, consists in utilizing paper as a base to which the waxes may be applied. This paper need not be of a high grade. In fact I have found that the cheaper grades of paper are preferable for the purpose. This is largely because of the generally rough surface which such papers possess, such a surface affording the necessary characteristic by which adhesion of the vehicle or wax is accomplished. This wax adhesion may be accomplished in two ways. Of course the paper may be immersed in melted wax and allowed to absorb it into its fibers, or the wax may be rubbed or otherwise a plied to the paper surface while cold and burnished if desired, or the melted wax may be sprayed or otherwise spread in liquid or semi liquid form on the surface of the paper, so that as it congeals quickly upon contact therewith it actually forms a microscopically thin surface coating 26 as shown in Figs 4, 5 and 6. This surface coating is perhaps preferable because it permits of a more complete removal of the cheaper or lower melting pointl wax and leaves a @leaner copy on the paper than would be the case were the paper color to have been changed by reason of wax absorption, although, for certain purposes the impregnation application of the wax may be preferable.

As to the actual embodiment which I have illustrated in Fig. 1, here is found a top sheet 5 which is to receive the record to be made. This record may be made by using a pen, pencil or stylus, depending largely upon the manner in which the sheet is prepared for use, because it is this sheet which has received the higher grade wax coating or impregnation. If the wax has been placed on this sheet as a surface coating then the sheet will be opaque and necessitate the use of a pencil or pen in order to render the record legible on the top side of the sheet, but if the wax has been placed on the sheet by absor tion, v-iz. by causing the wax to saturate tie sheet while melted, the opacity of'thesheet is changed to translucency or even to substantial transparency in certain kinds of paper. This condition then permits the use of a stylus because in using this form of the paper the wax will serve to lubricate the point of the stylus and render it easy to use, while at the same time causing pressure through the paper to effect apick up or transfer of the carbon and low grade wax from the under sheet. The rubbing action and pressure of the stylus on the paper tends to render that portion of the sheet covered by the characters of the record more transparent and thereby permits the carbon which has been transferred to the back of the sheet to be very legible from or through its front or top surface.

The under or carbon bearing sheet G is especially prepared with the lower grade wax or that wax or vehicle which I have found to possess the lesser affinity of the two waxes employed, when under pressure. The wax on `this sheet 6 is then coated with the graphite pigment 7 preferably as has been explained, so that the adhesion or aflinity of the wax of the upper sheet for the pigment coated wax of the lower sheet will cause the pigment on the lower sheet to be removed to the under surface of the top sheet. The actual condition which is presented by a written record on the upper sheet is somewhat as represented in Fig. 4, although, in this view the condition is materially exaggerated in order to disclose that which takes place. Here, the sheet 6 has received a printed, typewritten or handwritten record, and the pigment and wax have been removed from sheet 6 along the lines, spots or areas 9 to form the corresponding lines, spots or areas 8 of sheet 5, so that there are left the blank or uncovered lines, spots or areas 9 on or in the surface of the under sheet 6, thereby allowing the paper surface to show through the surrounding pigment coated surface, in this manner per-l mitting the pigment coated sheet to be used as a copy.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a form of my invention in which the upper sheet 10 may be wax coated on its under surface by adhesion or absorption with the higher grade wax. The second or pigment bearing sheet ll in this form of the invention, instead of having but one pigment coated waxed surface, has both sides 12 and 13 wax coated and pigment treated. This permits of the Iuse of another sheet 14 under the pigment coated sheet 11. This third sheet is prepared as is the recordreceiving sheet 10 in that it is coated or impregnated with the higher grade of wax in order to pick off or remove the pigment-bearing wax from the under side 13 of the pigment coated sheet and impose it on the surface of the third sheet and thereby produce a copy. Fig. 5 shows this form of the invention in exaggerated form in order that the actual conditions created upon making a record may be understood. The projections l5 on the under surface of sheet 10 indice-.ae the carbon and the lower grade wax which has been removed from the upper surface of the double faced carbon sheet 1l, thereby leaving the blanks, furrows or uncovered portions 16. The projections 17 on the upper surface of sheet 14 indicate the carbon and the lower grade wax which has been removed from the under surface of the double faced pigment coated sheet 11, thereby leaving blanks, furrows or uncovered portions 18 which are in register with those of the upper surface. In this manner the legibility of the pigment coa-ted sheet 11 is increased because of the double coating of pigment and its subsequent double removal to leave nothing but the paper exposed.

In Fig. 3 I have shown another form of the invention utilizing single surface pigment coated sheets 19 and 20. These sheets are so placed relatively to a waxed sheet 21 that the pigment coated surfaces lie against the upper and under surfaces of the waxed sheet 21. Of course, as in the previously described constructions, I utilize, preferably, a low grade of wax for adhesion or impregnation of the pigment on the sheets 19 and 20, while a high grade of wax is employed for the coating or impregnation of the middle sheetv 21. Thus, when suitable impression is made upon the uncoated side of either sheet 19 or sheet 20, the pigment-bearing coating of both sheets 19 and 20 is transferred to both surfaces of the center sheet. Thus one original and two copies are produced. Fig. 6 shows in exaggerated form just what occurs in making a` record on this form of the invention. The pigment 22 on sheet 19 has been transferred to the top of sheet 21 as shown at 23 in Fig. 6, while the pigment 24 on sheet 2() has been transferred to the under side of sheet 21 as shown at 25 in Fig. 6.

Now, although I have shown the three forms described, it must be understood that they are but exemplary' and merely suggestive in that various adaptations of the principle may be made as best suits the requirements and conditions of use. I have found that pigment coated paper possessing an adhesion coating of wax produces the most legible copy because the paper which is left exposed after removal of the pigment-coated film is so contrastingly white, or otherwise, depending on its tint, that it stands out clearly. On the other. hand a pigment coated paper possessing a thorough impregnation of wax produces a copy in which its written or printed record is quite translucent or light pervious, thereby rendering it remarliablywell adapted to reproduction as by blueprinting and similar processes.

I have also found that my improved method may be most easily adapted to the making of plates from which prints may be made as in offset and similar printing operations. This is done by coating the plate with the lower grade wax and after thoroughly covering the wax with the pigment, the record sheet is placed over it and the record drawing, sketch or other notation made. This record sheet being coated with the higher grade wax will lift the pigment and inferior wax from the sheet in only such places as the record lines have been made and thus leave the plate exposed for etching in the usual manner. y

There are other uses and adaptations of the invention which will readily suggest themselves, but I believe the foregoing to be sufficiently descriptive of my invention to substantiate the claims which are now appended.

I claim:

1. In an agency for producing copies from original records, a record sheet, and a copy sheet, the surface of the copy sheet bearing a coating of wax of relatively low melting point, and an uncoated pigment carried by the surface of the wax of the copy sheet, the surface of the record sheet bearing a coating of wax of relatively high melting point possessing powers of pigment absorption not possessed by the wax of the copy sheet, whereby when the sheets are brought together with their waxed surfaces toward each other and a recording pressure made upon one of the sheets, the pigment on the copy sheet wax will be absorbed by the record sheet wax. l

2. In an agency for producing copies from original records, a record sheet and a Copy sheet, the surface of said copy bearing a vehicle of relatively low melting point and capable of carrying a pigment, and a pigment carried by the vehicle of the copy sheet, the surface of the record sheet bearing a vehicle of relatively high melting point and possessing greater adhesion powers than does the vehicle of the Copy sheet, whereby, when the record and copy sheets are placed together with their vehicle-coated surfaces toward each other, a recording pressure on one of the sheets will cause transfer of the pigment-carrying vehicle from` the surface of the copy sheet Ito the vehicle of the record sheet.

3. In an agency for producing copies from original records, a record sheet, and a copy sheet, the surface of the copy sheet bearing a coating of wax of relatively low melting point, and a pigment carried on the surface of said wax, the surface of the record sheet bearing a coating of wax of relatively high melting point, whereby, when the waxed surfaces of the sheets are brought together and a line of recording pressure made on the sheets, the

wax of the record sheet will transfer substantally all the pigment from the copy sheet to the wax of the record sheet along such line of pressure.

4. In an agency for producing copies from original records, a record sheet, and a copy sheet, the surface of the copy sheet bearing a.

coating of wax of relatively low melting point, and a pigment carried by the surface of ias said wax, the surface of the record sheet bearu ing a. coating of the same kind of Wax but of relatively high melting point, whereby, when the waxed surfaces of the sheets are brought 5 together and aline of recording pressure made on the recording sheet, the wax of the record sheet will transfer substantially all the pigment from the wax of the copy sheet along such line of pressure.

5. In an agency for producing copies from original records, a record sheet, and a copy sheet, the surface of said copy sheet bearing a vehicle of relatively low melting point and having powers of adhesion for a pigment on its surface, and a pigment carried by the surface of the vehicle of the copy sheet Without coating the particles of the pigment, the surface of the record sheet bearing a vehicle of relatively high melting point and possessing greater powers of adhesion for said pigment than does the vehicle of the copy sheet, whereby, when the vehicle-bearing surfaces of the record and copy sheets are placed together, a recording line of pressure on one of the sheets will cause the pigment adhesive powers of` the record sheet vehicle to transfer the uncoated pigment from the surface of the copy sheet vehicle. l

In testimony whereof I have hereunto af- 80 fxedmy sigmatureIn ERVIN E. STRAVN. 

